What are the long-term effects of radiation exposure?

The long-term effects of radiation exposure primarily include an increased risk of cancer and genetic mutations. This occurs because radiation can cause damage to the DNA within cells, leading to mutations that may not manifest immediately but can result in malignant transformations over time. Radiation exposure is well-documented as a contributor to various types of cancers, such as leukemia, thyroid cancer, and solid tumors.

Additionally, genetic mutations can be passed on to future generations if the mutations occur in the germ cells, potentially resulting in hereditary health issues. This understanding is crucial in radiation protection practices, especially when considering occupational exposure or situations involving environmental radiation.

In contrast, the other options suggest positive or neutral effects which do not align with the established biological effects of radiation. Enhanced immune system performance, faster healing of tissues, and development of resistance to diseases do not occur as results of radiation exposure; rather, exposure can suppress immune function and hinder healing processes. Therefore, acknowledging the long-term consequences of radiation exposure is essential for effective safety protocols and health management in settings involving radiation.